EMPact America

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Sep 12, 2013
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EMPact America

http://empactamerica.org/our-work/what-is-electromagnetic-pulse-emp/solar-emp/

Solar Storms
An EMP event can be caused by a geomagnetic storm. These storms occur regularly and usually have effects at high northern latitudes; however, major geomagnetic storms can inflict significant damage on the ground in, and far beyond, the area where they occur. For example, in 1989, a severe geomagnetic storm caused the collapse of Quebec’s electricity transmission system, and the entire province suffered an electrical blackout. The effects of this storm in Canada were as far reaching as the United States, causing more than 200 power grid problems nationwide that day.

While the United States was able to barely sustain power during Quebec’s solar storm, a great geomagnetic storm, such as the 1859 Carrington effect, would have catastrophic consequences on our aging infrastructure. Scientists say that the Carrington Event is the largest solar storm in the last 500 years, and it is widely believed that storms of this magnitude are likely to occur every 100 years. According to the University of California at Berkeley, “A severe geomagnetic storm narrowly missed Earth in 2012 when a rapid succession of coronal mass ejections, the most intense eruptions on the sun, sent a pulse of magnetized plasma barreling into space and through Earth’s orbit.” Researchers at UC Berkeley added that had these solar flares happened just 9 days earlier, Earth would have been subject to a magnetic storm that would rival the Carrington event of 1859.

Reports conclude that a storm of this magnitude would cause unimaginable devastation to our social and economic order due to the storm’s impact on power grids, satellite communications and GPS systems.
 
Solar storm of 1859
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_storm_of_1859
The solar storm of 1859, also known as the Carrington Event, was a powerful geomagnetic solar storm in 1859 during solar cycle 10. A solar coronal mass ejection hit Earth's magnetosphere and induced one of the largest known geomagnetic storms on record. The associated "white light flare" in the solar photosphere was observed and recorded by English astronomers Richard C. Carrington and Richard Hodgson.



From August 28 through September 2, 1859, numerous sunspots were observed on the Sun. On August 29, southern aurorae were observed as far north as Queensland in Australia.[3] Just before noon on September 1, the English amateur astronomers Richard Carrington and Richard Hodgson
independently made the first observations of a solar flare.[4]
The flare was associated with a major coronal mass ejection (CME) that travelled directly toward Earth, taking 17.6 hours to make the 93 million mile journey. It is believed that the relatively high speed of this CME (typical CMEs take several days to arrive at Earth) was made possible by a prior CME, perhaps the cause of the large aurora event on August 29, that "cleared the way" of ambient solar wind plasma for the Carrington event.[4]

Because of a simultaneous "crochet" observed in the Kew Observatory magnetometer record by Scottish physicist Balfour Stewart and a geomagnetic storm observed the following day, Carrington suspected a solar-terrestrial connection. Worldwide reports on the effects of the geomagnetic storm of 1859 were compiled and published by Elias Loomis, which support the observations of Carrington and Stewart.

On September 1–2, 1859, one of the largest recorded geomagnetic storms (as recorded by ground-based magnetometers) occurred. Aurorae were seen around the world, those in the northern hemisphere even as far south as the Caribbean; those over the Rocky Mountains were so bright that their glow awoke gold miners, who began preparing breakfast because they thought it was morning.[4] People who happened to be awake in the northeastern US could read a newspaper by the aurora's light.[5] The aurora was visible as far from the poles as Cuba and Hawaii.[6]

Telegraph systems all over Europe and North America failed, in some cases giving telegraph operators electric shocks.[7] Telegraph pylons threw sparks.[8] Some telegraph systems continued to send and receive messages despite having been disconnected from their power supplies.[9]

On Saturday, September 3, 1859, the Baltimore American and Commercial Advertiser reported, "Those who happened to be out late on Thursday night had an opportunity of witnessing another magnificent display of the auroral lights. The phenomenon was very similar to the display on Sunday night, though at times the light was, if possible, more brilliant, and the prismatic hues more varied and gorgeous. The light appeared to cover the whole firmament, apparently like a luminous cloud, through which the stars of the larger magnitude indistinctly shone. The light was greater than that of the moon at its full, but had an indescribable softness and delicacy that seemed to envelop everything upon which it rested. Between 12 and 1 o'clock, when the display was at its full brilliancy, the quiet streets of the city resting under this strange light, presented a beautiful as well as singular appearance


On July 23rd, 2012 a "Carrington-class" Solar Superstorm (Solar flare, Coronal mass ejection, Solar EMP) was observed; its trajectory missed Earth in orbit